Advertising The Magic System - 786 Words

Commercial Culture Williams, R. (1980). Advertising: The Magic System. 170-195. Premises 1. While this article focuses on British history, Williams argues that the nature of advertisement has changed from a system to attract â€Å"specific attention† (similar to modern day classifieds) to a system that broadcasts â€Å"commercial information and persuasion† (p. 170, 184) 2. This change in advertising methodology is paralleled to changes in social and economic structures (p. 170, 177-178) 3. Through capitalism, the minority will increasing get involved in cultivating culture and values of the masses through advertisements (p. 184, 187-188). 4. Advertisement is the art of capitalism and continues to organize artists and writers (p. 184-185, 189-190) 5. In order to for advertisement to stay relevant, advertisements will add â€Å"social meanings, values, and ideals† to their products (p. 185-186). 6. According to Williams, â€Å"Advertising is the consequence of a social failure to find means of public information and decision over a wide range of everyday economic life† (p. 193) Key Terms 1. Puff - When a claim is exaggerated in an advertisement 2. Quack Method - A method of deceitful advertising that originated from medicinal advertisements 3. Magic - Any emotions, values, or ideals that comes with a product 4. Consumer - Unlike a user of a product, consumers are a means end to the manufacturing of a product 5. Fantasy - The idea that decisions that were created by corporations are theShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Advertising : The Magic System1416 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Advertising Last year, the U.S spent over 180 billion dollars on advertising, with digital ad content the fastest growing category within the market. Facebook and other social media platforms are quickly pioneering new fangled ways to cater to the digital generation and entice the material desires of their users. Advertising was not always this way however, and in his essay â€Å"Advertising: The magic system† Raymond Williams introduces the evolution of the modern advertising industry. WilliamsRead MoreThe Culture Industry By Adorno And Horkheimer And The Magic System1625 Words   |  7 Pagesheavily influenced by capitalism. The two-works affected and focused around this topic are; The Culture Industry by Adorno and Horkheimer and The Magic System by Raymond Williams. The Magic System primarily focuses on how advertising development allows the public to grasp and comprehend the meaning, in accordance to be able to perceive modern advertising. Raymond Williams writes from his perspecti ve as a committed socialist, which entails the condition that â€Å"private-sector capitalism cannot fulfillRead MoreCompetitive Advantage Of Sony Computer Entertainment Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagesposition while branching into different areas within the gaming industry. An AR based gaming system would give users a sense of the real world without the hazardous escapism linked to traditional forms of gaming, including current generation platforms and the inevitable VR technologies, which are soon to grace the gaming industry. If Sony were to focus its efforts and resources in developing a proprietary gaming system that uses AR, it would develop a core competence that rivals would find difficult to imitateRead MoreThe Marketing And Advertising Industry Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagescandidates from their respected parties dump millions of dollars into advertising and marketing to their campaigns in order to touch the lives of millions of Americans in order to potentially gain the vote individuals. During the most recent election, Clinton and Trump combined to raise a total of over $200 Million (Bloomberg). Although this seems like so much money in order to gain the backing of many, the marketing and advertising industry in 2015 has grown to be an almost 200 billion dollar a yearRead MoreAnalysis Of Macy s Inc.1665 Words   |  7 Pagesstores, for consumers, in order to connect to a greater audience, and establish a more powerful business. To implement their goals and vision, three strategies are promoted by the company, such as localization, integration of omni-channeling, and MAGIC Selling. Localization involves to accommodation of the assortment of merchandise and incorporating a shopping experience in the store environment for each customer. This entails product placement, design, lay out and other interior facets to amplifyRead MoreAnalysis of Marketing Through History1091 Words   |  5 Pagesmost advanced advertising, using extravagant language on signs and handbills to get citizens to adventure to the colonies of America. This was believed to have had a substantial impact on emigration and colonization of America. However, advertising in the colonies, though well-established, was rudimentary at best, as the colonists were mostly rural farmers and tradesmen with little need for advertising. The country also lacked efficient transportation and communication systems to support nationalRead MorePhl 458 Week 1 Individual Assignment Critical Thinking and Society Exercise848 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted going into foreclosure. This was a hard lesson to learn but today the lending rules have changed thanks to a revamp of the lending practices. By thinking critically and creatively the government has tighten the screws on a much unsupervised system. Define free will, truth, knowledge, and opinion. Explain how we use them to form thoughts. Free will: The moderate definition of free will is when people have choices when it comes to decisions like whether to attend a party or finishRead MoreGetting to the Point (A Comparison of Rhetorical Strategies) Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesGetting to the Point Advertising is all around us. Companies of all sorts rely heavily on internet, television, print, and various other types of media outlets as means to reach their audience. Advertising aims to bring in more customers and thereby, more profit. All of this is complicated by the fact that, out of the vast number of products and services available, companies want to prove that theirs are the best. From this is born the tricky and unique language of advertising. In their respectiveRead MoreThe Power of Storytelling in the Media Essay686 Words   |  3 Pagestelevision, movies, music, video games, and the internet. While some people do not like to admit it, everyone is affected by advertising, news, movies, music, video games, and other forms of media. That’s why media is such a powerful cultural force, and why the media industry is such big business. All media messages try to persuade people to believe or do something, for example; advertising tries to get people to buy products while novels and TV dramas go to great lengths to appear realistic. To do this,Read More Media Advertising and Sex Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesuses â€Å"sex to sell,† many articles have been written concerning this. For instance, â€Å"Sex as Symbol in Fashion Advertising† by Arthur Asa Berger talks about the sexual undertones used in ads as a way to sell products. Similarly, Jean Kilbourne’s â€Å"Beauty†¦and the Beast of Advertising† discusses the portrayal of women in advertisements as sex objects. Finally, â€Å"Analyzing Signs and Sign Systems† by Arthur Asa Berger offers ways to analyze advertisements and their use of sex. No matter what the advertisement

Feminism And The First Wave Feminism - 1651 Words

What is Feminism? The word feminism originated in the 1800’s from the French word â€Å"feminisme†. So what is feminism exactly? Feminism is usually defined as an active desire to change women’s position in society (Kolmar pg.27). There are many ways that feminism can be described as it is a number of theories, social movements, cultural and political movements. These movements are shedding light to the inequalities and equal rights for women and also equality for everyone. Feminism is a way for women to be heard and to fight for their right for equality. â€Å"It is feminism that recognizes individual diversity, and freedom, and equality, defined through and beyond north/ west and south / east dialogues† (Hooks pg.47). There are considered two waves of feminism or three according to who you talk to. The first-wave feminism focuses on power and women’s suffrage this wave of feminism also puts the focus on absolute rights. The second-wave feminism developed its own e pistemological practices in the process of consciousness raising, a model for generating knowledge from the authority of individual women’s experience (Tong pg.55). Women in the second-wave also used their academic knowledge when discussing feminism to bring more knowledge about the topic of inequality. With the third-wave feminism I start to see more openness to allowing more women in these movements. I start to see how more lesbian women and women of color are more active in this wave. I however believe that third-waveShow MoreRelatedFeminism : The First Wave Of Feminism1267 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism is a movement calling for social change, holding to a belief that women are oppressed by American society due to patriarchy’s inherent sexism. This social movement explained quite simply started in the 19th century when women fought for the right to vote, sought to improve workplace conditions for women as well as increase working opportunities. From this initial m ovement, called first wave feminism, stemmed other waves that though somewhere in the same vein, they held many differing goalsRead MoreFeminism : The First Wave Of Feminism1776 Words   |  8 PagesIn Disney’s animated children’s films, feminism greatly advocated for change in gender roles. Children often believe and develop in accordance with the kind of life and exposure they are subjected to at the tender age. In spite of the fact that Disney adopted animated film to sensitize the children on changes in gender roles, it is certain that children literally adopted the perception depicted in the films. In fact, it is exemplified that later generations are raised on Disney fairy tale movies’Read MoreFeminism And The First Wave Feminism2028 Words   |  9 Pages Feminism is the movement towards women’s equality and the fight for equal gender in the social, political, cultural and economical aspects of society. Feminism also fights for equal opportunity for women in employment and education. A feminist is someone who advocates their support for women’s rights but is not restricted to only women; anyone who supports women’s rights and equality are feminists, including men. Feminism is not only about the females; it fights for gender equality forRead MoreThe First Wave Of Feminism767 Words   |  4 Pagesworth 50 points Assignment – What is feminism? Describe how it has evolved in the United States and include the three phases. The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities organized activity in support of woman s rights and interests The first wave of feminism took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, emerging out of an environment of urban industrialism and liberal, socialist politics. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunities for womenRead MoreThe First Wave Of Feminism1876 Words   |  8 Pagesfeminists. Feminism can be separated into three waves. The first wave of feminism was from the mid 1800s to the early 1900s. The second wave was from the 1960s to the 1980s. The third wave of feminism started in the 1990s, but its end is unclear. Some people believe it has ended and the fourth wave of feminism has started, but others believe it continues today. The different waves have been very different in some aspects, but very similar in others. The main differences between the first and thirdRead MoreThe First Wave Of Feminism1230 Words   |  5 Pagessociety. Women had experienced change during the first wave of feminism and gained suffrage, but during the second wave feminism wome n experienced a change that greatly altered their lives and consequently, the relationships they shared with others. The first wave of feminism was concerned about suffrage and establish rights as people and equality in regards to property law (The Famous Five and the Persons Case in Canada), the second wave of feminism was concerned about equality in the workplace, amongRead MoreThe First Wave Of Feminism996 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism has been a prominent part in American literature since the late Nineteenth century. In almost every form of media today, there are female characters who are leaders, independent, and do not conform to the submissive image some individuals have of women. The first authors to introduce heroines of independent nature were Gilman, Chopin, and Wharton. They wrote stories about heroines who had their own ideas and wanted their own voice, expressed their own sexuality, and established their independenceRead MoreThird Wave Feminism : First And Second Wave 1813 Words   |  8 PagesEssay 2: Third Wave Feminism First and second wave feminists succeeded in legal and social rights. In addition, they achieved the right to vote, higher education, and the right to their own body. Although, third wave feminists obtained these rights, they differentiated from focusing on laws and political processes like first and second wave feminists did. Instead, third wave feminists strived for individualism and diversity. Unlike labeling each other as feminists, the third wave departed from thisRead MoreFeminism And The First, Second, Or Third Wave1272 Words   |  6 PagesWhen referring to the history of feminism in the manner of the first, second, or third wave, one is undermining the experiences that were ongoing during, in middle of, and before those waves that history defines. What ideologies of oppression were being spoken of to raise awareness and whose experience was being excluded/diminished? The articulation of feminism in using the metaphor of waves to describe how the ideologies peaked and rescin ded, is incorrect because it focuses only on the voices ofRead MoreFirst Wave Feminism By Betty Friedan1171 Words   |  5 PagesBackground Knowledge: Second-wave feminism refers to the period of feminist activity that focused on social and legal issues of gender equality such as sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights and equal opportunity in education and the workplace. Source 1: The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan In 1963, Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique was published. Friedan discussed the problem that â€Å"lay buried, unspoken† in the minds of the suburban housewife, saying that they were too socially

Severity Level of Security Breaches

Question: Discuss about the Severity Level of Security Breaches. Answer: Introduction As the business and society become increasingly dependent on data, the threat landscape exponentially expanding day by day. Organizations are trying their heart and soul to introduce innovative and stronger defenses against security threats (Allodi, KotovMassacci,2013). Simultaneously cyber criminals applied more new tactics and techniques that break away all that efforts (Jaferian et al., 2016). This report concentrates on two recent and biggest security breaches; one is LinkedIn data breach and other is Anthem medical security breach. In the following sections, background of the problem, its impacts and the best possible solutions to avoid this kind of problems in future is discussed. Bitcoint Theft in Hong Kong Background of the Security Breach From a reported security breach from Bitfinex, it has come in front that, Bitcoins (Currency Exchange Office in Hong Kong) of worth around 72 million dollar was stolen. It is the second largest theft occurred in august 2016, after the cyber security attack in Mt Gox, where almost 12, 000 units of bitcoins were stolen (Coppola, 2016, August 06). Bitfinex is the largest exchange office of the world to exchange bitcoin into dollars. It is one of the renowned digital currency communitieswhich have deep liquidity in bitcoin currency in USA. This security breach comes in front after two months of scrutiny for prohibited transactions. Bitcoins is a digital currency created with safety and anonymity in mind. Unfortunately, no buyer protection is there. Whenever, customers went to buy any products by paying a Bitcoin, the transaction was failed. From the incident it can be stated that, the ownership of the organization is always masked which leads to this kind of security attack (Coppola, 201 6, August 06). Occurrence of the Security Breach BitFinex has come under the allegation of Futures Trading Comission and U.S commodity for providing financial exchange transactions in the digital currencies using bitcoin. As a virtual digital currency system, transaction is done though bitcoin without any intermediary state. This is also known as cryptocurrency and is the largest in terms of market value. The security attack is the reminiscent of 2014 security breach where Mt GOx (Tokyo Based Exchange Office) lost 500 million dollars bitcoin (Coppola, 2016, August 06). After the security breach happened in Hong Kong, Bitfinex announced that the compensation will be done by providing BFX labeled tokens. However, this is still not transferred into reality which put off many persons to not adapt this. Amongst the total unit of Bitcoin, only .75 percent amount was stolen. Users who logged in the platform of this organization, have discovered that 36.06 percentage of people suffered due to this cyber security attack. Multiple accounts were hacked and significant number of customers or a subset of bitcoin trade community was highly impacted. Customers expressed their anger and stated that absence of proper security protocols such as two factor authentication resulted in the transfer of funds to exchange. The greatest impact is price has fallen down by 20% after the massive security breach occurred. For a long time, users were not been able to access their funds. They were not also able to withdraw their account which leads to grater conflicts and disruptions. Best Possible Countermeasures Countermeasures can be adopted but risks are always there (Kolfal, Patterson Yeo, 2013). Bitcoin is still unknown to many persons and everyone does not feel comfortable to have a currency which is not printed in a physical format properly (Barlow et al., 2013). In addition, this consists of anonymous transactions such as torrent website which proves that the system is not proper. People should avoid purchasing of large amount of goods with the help of Bitcoins to reduce volatility. Seeking help from third party can be taken to settle down this kind of disputes in future. From technical point of view, the digital currency should encrypt their digital wallet with a strong password such as mix of upper and lower case letters almost of 16 characters including numbers and punctuation marks (Kurmus et al., 2013). In addition, users should use offline wallet for saving purposes which will not be connected to any kind of network or grid. This kind of mechanism is known as cold storage. Users can also backup their wallet by restoring all the private keys of invisible and visible Bitcoin addresses. Encrypting the online backups is one of the best security countermeasures. Instead of central storage, multiple secure locations should be used to store the wallet which can recover the Bitcoins failure in future. Amongst all these preventions, cold storage mechanism is the best to recover this situation by mitigating all the vulnerabilities. Anthem Medical Data Breach Background of the Problem Anthem Inc. is the second largest health insurance organization, headquartered in USA faced massive cyber security breach in 4th February of 2015 (AnthemFacts.com. 2016, August 12). More than 37 million information were hacked by the criminal hackers which was stored in central server of the organization. In this cyber security attack personal information of 78 million people were hacked, however, financial and medical information were not affected. Unfortunately, confidential information of 80 million companies were compromised in this security breach which comprised of medical IDs, email addresses, social security number, employment information and many others (AnthemFacts.com. 2016, August 12). The victims are former as well as new members of Anthem Health plans whose personal information were stolen by the hackers due to the presence of security loopholes in IT system of the organization. According to the investigation report, almost 10 million Americans were trapped under this s ecurity attack. As this type of organization does not use simple PII (Personally Identifiable Information) like mobile company or banks, cyber crooks can easily made their targets on internal database of the organization. Various medical plans of this organization such as Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS), Blue Cross have been largely impacted which are not operated by Anthem but also by various providers in USA (AnthemFacts.com. 2016, August 12). Impacts of Security Breach This has significant negative impacts on the organizational associations, the business partners and most importantly on the customers. Whenever this incident has become publicly available, customers were worried about their security and they lose their trust from the organization. As a result, most of them withdrawn their medical policies which leads to significant losses for the organization. Occurrence of the Security Breach Based on the former name of Anthem, Wellpoint, the attackers has created a domain name wellpoint.com. By creating this site, the attackers were tried to get access on the internal IT system including the database and server of the organization through phishing attack. Through this attack, hackers created a fake log in page which helped to gain access in the actual websites of the organization (Bogdanoski, ShuminoskiRisteski, 2013). The fake log in page has consists of two files; one is login.php and the other one is index.html page. The hackers uploaded these pages on the hosting site which helped the attackers to create their own accounts. After creating the own account, attackers uploaded both the files of phishing page on the control panel of IT system. Now, whenever the users try to access the service of Anthem the log.txt page stores password of the users and all the confidential information of the users got hacked. The phishing emails contain malicious software which can slow d own the computer operation or can track users activities. By sending the fake emails to the users, users accounts got hacked by the cyber criminals and all the confidential details were stolen. Best Possible Countermeasures Credit Freeze: Security freeze is one of the best options to prevent oneself from this kind of security attacks. Using of this mechanism will halt the hackers to get access on users account without their permission (Loske et al., 2014). Eve if the cyber criminals try to to gain access, alert will be displayed to the users and the criminal will be blocked. Two Factor Authentications: Two step authentications is the best where one time password is not enough to get access on the account (Nwobodo, JahankhaniEdoh, 2014). Whenever anyone will try to log in to the business account, after giving the password for the first time, it will again ask for processing with the second step. In this ways, hackers will not be able to get access of users or business accounts (Chen et al., 2016). Change Id and Password Frequently: Users, whose accounts are associated with Anthem medical organization, should been protected with strong password and the password along with log in id should be frequently changed (PadrStanilovsky, 2012). In addition, the setting on the account should be properly configured, so that whenever hackers will try to steal the confidential information, automatic alert message will be displayed on the personal devices of the users (Breitenbauch, 2015). Avoid Phishing Scams: users should be always aware of the emails coming from unrecognized senders (Jing et al., 2014). Whenever, users will do any kind of transactions, the site should be checked properly such as the lock icon on the status bar or the URL link which should be initiated with https rather than http. Emails coming from the unknown senders should be checked before fetching any attachment or clicking on any website (Ristov, GusevDonevski, 2013). Users or organization should not provide any kind of personal or confidential information from on the pop up screen. Moreover, web address should not be copied on the browsers which are displayed on the prop up screen. Encryption Technique and Firewall: Entire system of the organization should be properly secured with advanced security applications firewall, encryption technique and others (Hossain FotouhiHasan, 2015). These kinds of security protocols help to analyze each and every incoming and outgoing data of the network which helps to protect the system from malicious software and viruses (Borgohain, KumarSanyal, 2015). In addition, antivirus software should be used to guard the system and keep updated from regular patches. Conclusion Two massive security breaches are described in this report which helps to conclude the fact that, cyber attacks not only disrupts the entire business performance but also leads to greater conflicts amongst the customers. Two recent cyber security attacks one is Bitcoin theft of Hong Kong and other is Anthem medical data breach forced to think that enhancement of security is very crucial for the societal as well as cultural well fare. Both of these incidents are analyzed properly and it ha been discovered from the investigation that significant negative impacts of these cyber security breaches leads to think about the adaption of best possible solutions as preventive methods. Based on the analysis, encryption technique, two factor authentications and cold storage mechanism are suggested which can mitigate these problems in future for sure. References Allodi, L., Kotov, V. Massacci, F., (2013). Malwarelab: Experimentation with cybercrime attack tools. InPresented as part of the 6th Workshop on Cyber Security Experimentation Test. AnthemFacts.com. (2016, August 12). Anthem. Retrieved from https:/www.anthemfacts.com Barlow, J.B., Warkentin, M., Ormond, D. Dennis, A.R., (2013). Don't make excuses! Discouraging neutralization to reduce IT policy violation.Computers security,39, pp.145-159. Bogdanoski, M., Shuminoski, T. Risteski, A., (2013). Analysis of the SYN flood DoS attack.International Journal of Computer Network Information Security,5(8), p.1. Borgohain, T., Kumar, U. Sanyal, S., (2015). Survey of security privacy issues of internet of things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Breitenbauch, H. (2015). Defence Planning.Academic Foresights, (13). Chen, D.D., Egele, M., Woo, M. Brumley, D., (2016). Towards Automated Dynamic Analysis for Linux-based Embedded Firmware. InISOC Network Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS). Coppola, F. (2016, August 06). Forbes. Retrieved from Forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/francescoppola/2016/08/06/theft-and-mayhem-in-the-bitcoin-world/ Hossain, M.M., Fotouhi, M. Hasan, R., (2015), June. Towards an Analysis of Security Issues, Challenges, Open Problems in the Internet of Things. In2015 IEEE World Congress on Services(pp. 21-28). IEEE. Jaferian, P., Hawkey, K., Sotirakopoulos, A., Velez-Rojas, M. Beznosov, K., (2014). Heuristics for evaluating IT security management tools.HumanComputer Interaction,29(4), pp.311-350. Jing, Q., Vasilakos, A.V., Wan, J., Lu, J. Qiu, D., (2014). Security of the internet of things: Perspectives challenges.Wireless Networks,20(8), pp.2481-2501. Kolfal, B., Patterson, R.A. Yeo, M.L., (2013). Market impact on it security spending.Decision Sciences,44(3), pp.517-556. Kurmus, A., Tartler, R., Dorneanu, D., Heinloth, B., Rothberg, V., Ruprecht, A., Schrder-Preikschat, W., Lohmann, D. Kapitza, R., (2013), February. Attack Surface Metrics Automated Compile-Time OS Kernel Tailoring. InNDSS. Loske, A., Widjaja, T., Benlian, A. Buxmann, P., (2014). Perceived IT security risks in cloud adoption: the role of perceptual incongruence between users providers. Nwobodo, I., Jahankhani, H. Edoh, A., (2014). Security challenges in the distributed cloud computing.International Journal of Electronic Security Digital Forensics 9,6(1), pp.38-51. Padr, L. Stanilovsky, E., (2012)Freeling 3.0: Towards wider multilinguality. InLREC2012. Ristov, S., Gusev, M. Donevski, A., (2013). Openstack cloud security vulnerabilities from inside outside.CLOUD COMPUTING, pp.101-107.

Supply Chain Management Information Systems - MyAssignmentHelp

Question: Q.1 Briefly describe the business processes supported by a Supply Chain Management (SCM) information system. In a global business like Emerson what are the advantages and disadvantages of using a SCM information system? With Emersons many divisions using different suppliers, what would be the benefits of using a single SCM information system for all of its divisions? Q.2 Global companies like Emerson have suppliers, manufacturing, distribution, and retail operations. List and briefly describe the technologies and devices (used for input, output, and communication) that are used with SCM information systems. Choose two different input devices and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. Discuss the benefits that they provide to the business. Q.3 Consider that you have to implement a new SCM information system for Emerson. Describe each of the different implementation options. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different implementation options. Make a recommendation and justify Q.4 Modern SCM information systems and with the use of other technologies have supported businesses in improving environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. Research and find an example. Briefly describe the system and how it works and how carbon emissions where reduced. Discuss what decision making is performed and how does the SCM information system contribute to the decision making. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to the business. Answer: Introduction Management of supply chain is referred to as the strategic and systematic coordination in the traditional functions of business and the tactics used across the functions of business within a certain company and within business organization in chain of supply. The purpose with supply chain management is focused on the improvement of performance in the longer term of organizations as well as their supply chain in their entire context. With changes in the technology, supply chain management information systems have been playing a highly crucial role within the ability of organizations for the reduction of costs and for increasing the responsiveness in the chain of supply (Wang, 2006). A significant example can be seen in the case of Emerson. Emerson is an international manufacturing organization of China dealing with the customers of South Eastern region of Asia, Europe and America. With the help of information systems in supply change management, the organization had been successful in envisioning an individual hub with the help of which everyone would be linked for utilizing common mechanisms of communication and formats of data. In context with the case study of this organization, this paper will be discussing certain aspects related to the information system in supply chain management. Business Processes in Supply Change Management Information Systems In the current era of globalization and being an organization functioning across the globe, information systems seem to be having significant impact on integrating the main elements of supply chain at Emerson. By the system of hub and the system of ERP, the organization had been successful in coordinating the process of shipping with the suppliers and the providers. This can be considered as a major tool that enables the organization for responding to the demands of the customers, in accordance with the quality being desired (Wang, 2006). There is clarity in the reason as to why it will be taking increased manpower for compromising amongst the model of reference and the current process of business. The issue that had been faced by Emerson along with a number of organizations was that the trivial and essential processes of business are more often mixed in the absence of specification in the priorities for all. In a consequent manner, the model of references involves constraints regarding the rules of enterprise, resources and organizations that are presented in a highly detailed manner. There are two key processes that support the information systems in supply chain management. These are as follows (Hines, 2004): Coordination amongst the demand at the side of sales and supply at the side of production in order to make the plan of production Coordination amongst the level of demand at the side of production and the supply made by the suppliers in order to make the plan of sourcing Both of these processes are considered as the template of business process. The method in the modelling of business process is focused on modelling the process of business in the structure of hierarchy that is highly dependent over the strong points of business process in relation with the goal of business. There is consistency of direct interactions in process of business that takes place amongst the original performer and original customer of the problems being targeted. This is referred to as the key process (Hines, 2004). The level of hierarchy in the process of business, at Emerson became reduced as there had been decomposition of the issue within different elements and these had been sub- contracted to other individuals as the sub- processes. In the general sense, the key process had a structure that was highly stable, as the key process is developed by interacting with two individuals, the original performer and original customer, and the impact of the constraints of resource, organization and rule becoming small enough for being ignored. Considering the other side of the coin, the sub- process has the structure of variable in accordance to a number of different constraints. For successfully designing the template of business process, extraction needs to be done from the key processes mentioned above (Cooper Pagh, 2009). These key processes help in defining the actions that are interdependent and the improvement of these processes can be done by utilization of information systems in supply chain management. By the extraction of the key process at the template of business process, it can be reutilized amongst a number of enterprises and the manpower in the design of business process can be decreased. Technologies and Devices of SCM Information Systems Even though the organization of Emerson has gained a number of benefits from the information systems of supply chain management, there are often mismatching points in the expectations and the activities undertaken by the organization for the achievement of performance being desired. Electronic Data Interchange The technology of Electronic Data Interchange has been highly utilized by a number of organizations in the chain of supply for the facilitation of transactions and the exchanges of information. This technology is referred to as the computer to the exchange of computer with the structured data for processing in an automatic manner (Kumar, 2009). This technology can be utilized by the partners of supply chain for exchanging important information relevant to effectively run the businesses. Advantages Delays of time: Causes of delays are main because of two factors. Documents of paper may be taking a number of days for transporting from one party to the other. In addition to this, the manual delays in processing take place due to the requirement to compare, retrieve, file and key data Costs of labour: In the systems not based on this technology, manual form of processing is needed for the keying of data, storage of document, matching, sorting, retrieving, envelope stuffing, signing, stamping, and reconciling (Halldorsson, 2004). While the equipment of automation can assist with certain processes, majority of the managers will be agreeing that the costs of labour for the processing of document help in representing a significant share within the overhead Disadvantages Adapting a number of varying interfaces amongst varying organization, where there is an increased need to map data and convert data Costs in the process of changing procurement Costs for the fees of subscription and transaction The partners of business might be having extremely deep insight in one of the figures of business Scanner and Bar Coding Bar codes are referred to as representing a code or a number within a form having suitability to be read by the machines. Bar codes are widely utilized in the entire chain of supply for identifying and tracking the goods at each and every stage within the process (Halldorsson Larsen, 2007). The technology of bar codes are a number of varying width lines, the presentation of which can be done in horizontal context, referred to as the orientation of ladder, or the vertical context, referred to as the orientation of picket fence. Advantages Reduction in the error: Utilizing scanners and barcoding helps in the reduction of rates in the error of humans. When individuals are making manual entry of data, the chances for the occurrence of errors is an individual part in the nature of humans. Medical workers have the ability of scanning the barcodes for viewing the doses and medication need of the patients (Hines, 2004) Savings in time: Not only does this result in keeping the stock organized as well as under control, the time being spent performing the checks of stock are reduced. Since scanners and bar codes are easy for being used and quick, the value of time being saved continuously for declining with the release of barcode Implementation Options of SCM Information Systems The first option that can be taken is by strategic planning that involves four key steps. These steps are 1) Assignment of a project team, 2) Examining the present processes of business and the flow of information, 3) setting objectives, and 4) development of a project plan. The team of project has to be assigned with the employees under the department of sales, accounting, operations, customer service, purchasing and senior management. This is a significant option as it is followed up in an appropriate procedure (Ketchen Hult, 2008). Documents of paper may be taking a number of days for transporting from one party to the other. In addition to this, the manual delays in processing take place due to the requirement to compare, retrieve, file and key data. The other option of implementation is testing and training, where there is an involvement of four key procedures. These steps are: 1) pre- testing the database, 2) verification of the testing, 3) training the trainer, and 4) performance of final testing. The team of project should be practicing in the database of test for confirming that each and every information is working correctly and in an accurate manner (Kumar, 2009). When individuals are making manual entry of data, the chances for the occurrence of errors is an individual part in the nature of humans. Medical workers have the ability of scanning the barcodes for viewing the doses and medication need of the patients Modern Information Systems of SCM Sustainability in supply chain is a major issues of businesses that affect the logistics network or supply chain of the organization, and on frequent basis, quantifying the comparison in the ratings of SECH that utilizes a bottom line with triple layers that incorporates the aspects of environment, society and economy. The rating of SECH are referred to as the footprints of society, ethics, culture and health. The customers have been becoming highly aware for the impact of environment related to the SECH rating of the companies and purchases, and with the not- for- profit organization that set the agenda to transit the organic foods of growth, and the goods that are locally produced supporting small and independent businesses (Levi, 2007). Hence, these help in maintaining sustainability in the chain of supply by the information systems. This is due to the fact that it helps in the reduction of environmental issues and thus, improvement in the rating of SECH. Management of supply chain is referred to as the strategic and systematic coordination in the traditional functions of business and the tactics used across the functions of business within a certain company and within business organization in chain of supply. The purpose with supply chain management is focused on the improvement of performance in the longer term of organizations as well as their supply chain in their entire context. With changes in the technology, supply chain management information systems have been playing a highly crucial role within the ability of organizations for the reduction of costs and for increasing the responsiveness in the chain of supply (Mentzer, 2011). Considering the other side of the coin, the sub- process has the structure of variable in accordance to a number of different constraints. For successfully designing the template of business process, extraction needs to be done from the key processes mentioned above. Conclusion With the help of information systems in supply change management, the organization had been successful in envisioning an individual hub with the help of which everyone would be linked for utilizing common mechanisms of communication and formats of data. By the extraction of the key process at the template of business process, it can be reutilized amongst a number of enterprises and the manpower in the design of business process can be decreased (Wang, 2006). Documents of paper may be taking a number of days for transporting from one party to the other. In addition to this, the manual delays in processing take place due to the requirement to compare, retrieve, file and key data. Sustainability in supply chain is a major issues of businesses that affect the logistics network or supply chain of the organization, and on frequent basis, quantifying the comparison in the ratings of SECH that utilizes a bottom line with triple layers that incorporates the aspects of environment, society and economy. The technology of bar codes are a number of varying width lines, the presentation of which can be done in horizontal context, referred to as the orientation of ladder, or the vertical context, referred to as the orientation of picket fence. References Cooper, M.C. Pagh, J. (2009). Supply Chain Management: More Than a New Name for Logistics. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 8(1), pp 114 Halldorsson, A. (2004). Logistics versus supply chain management: an international survey. International Journal of Logistics: Research Application, 7(1), pp. 17-31. Halldorsson, A., Larsen, T. (2007). Complementary theories to supply chain management. 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